The trend of AIDS in China: A prediction and comparative analysis with G20 countries based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: In China, AIDS has become the most severe notifiable infectious disease. The study aimed to analyse and predict the trend of AIDS in China and compared with Group of Twenty (G20) countries. Methods: We utilised incidence, mortality or disability-adjusted life years (DALY), age-standardised rates (ASR), average annual percentage changes (AAPC) to estimate the trend via GBD 2019. The Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to identify the most significant years of change. We explored the relationship between AAPC and social development index (SDI) or health care access and quality (HAQ), and predicted trends for the next 20 years. Results: The DALY in G20 increase of 340.42%, and 794.50% in China. The age-standardised DALY rate (ASDR) in G20 was 309.49 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 284.69, 350.58) in 2019, with an AAPC of 4.30. Among G20, the United States had the highest DALY in 1990, but it experienced a significant decline. In China, the ASDR was 98.15 (95% UI = 78.78, 119.58) with the 5th AAPC ranking. In term of gender, the incidence, mortality, DALY, and ASR of them in China and G20 were all higher in males. Furthermore, the gender gap in China had been widening. The most significant periods of ASDR increase in China were 1990-1995 and 2013-2016, and 1990-1994 in G20. The prediction for DALY indicated that high SDI countries were expected to exhibit a stable or declining trend, while low SDI countries showed an upward trend. China demonstrated a 57.66% increase in 2040 compared to 2019. Conclusions: AIDS continues to be a significant burden. In China, the ASIR exhibited a decline trend in certain age groups, while the ASMR and ASDR continued to increase, with a widening gender disparity. In addition, according to our predict results, some countries could not achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development set by the UNAIDS. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective and targeted measures, as well as actively explore new treatment approaches.

Association between type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders are common chronic conditions in childhood and adolescence, and having one may lead to an increased chance of developing the other. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is mainly manifested by elevated blood glucose, while neurodevelopmental diseases are composed of a variety of diseases, which are relatively complex. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to find out the prevalence of type 1 diabetes-related neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents and to explore the potential association between neurodevelopmental disorders and type 1 diabetes. PubMed, Embase and Web of science databases were searched from the inception to May 22, 2022 to identify relevant studies, Finally, 24 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence estimates for neurodevelopmental disorders in the type 1 diabetes adolescent and their 95% confidence intervals were pooled using random effects models. The pooled estimates for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the type 1 diabetes population were 1.2 and 5.3%, respectively, both of which are higher than the 2019 global prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the general population. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the T1DM population tended to increase with age. In conclusion, there may be a potential link between the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the development of neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents, but more relevant studies are needed to understand the link between the underlying pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CDR42022333443].

Global prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have unhealthy bodyweight. This meta-analysis was performed to understand the weight status in individuals with ASD or ADHD. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched from inception until June 2020 to identify relevant studies. Prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity, overweight and underweight were separately pooled using random-effects models. A total of 95 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight were 21.8%, 19.8% and 6.4% in individuals with ASD and 14.7%, 20.9% and 4.0% in individuals with ADHD. In subgroup analyses, an increasing trend in the prevalence of unhealthy weight was observed from children aged 2 to 5 years to adults with ASD (obesity: from 16.7% to 31.3%, overweight: from 16.2% to 27.2%, underweight from 5.3% to 8.6%) and from children aged 6 to 12 years to adults with ADHD (obesity: from 13.5% to 19.3%, overweight: from 18.8% to 31.2%). The worrisome epidemic of obesity and overweight in individuals with ASD, ADHD highlighted the need for weight management.

Stigma among parents of children with autism: A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: This literature review aims to summarize current findings from studies examined experiences of stigma among parents of children with autism. METHOD: A systematic literature search was carried out to identify relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened each records based on the selection criteria. Discrepancies were resolved through discussions. Included articles were classified by social-cultural settings. RESULT: 25 studies were identified and included in the review, including 15 qualitative, 8 quantitative, and 2 mixed method studies. Parents do in fact experience courtesy stigma which subsequently develop into affiliate stigma. The study of stigma has not received enough attention for parents of children with autism. There lacked large prevalence studies and longitudinal studies examining stigma among parents of children with autism. CONCLUSION: Parents of children with autism perceived and experienced stigma and various consequences which were varied with behaviors of autism and the severity of symptoms. Further studies should focus on developing intervention that help to erase stigma among parents of children with autism.

Association between parental body mass index and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Studies have examined the association between parental body mass index (BMI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring, with inconsistent results, especially regarding maternal obesity, overweight and underweight. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched up to March 2018 for relevant observational studies with no language restriction. Our literature search identified 13 eligible studies for meta-analysis (involving 943,293 children and 30,337 cases). For maternal BMI (13 studies), both maternal obesity [OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.19-1.67)] and maternal overweight [OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.05-1.27)] were significantly associated with ASD, while maternal underweight was not associated with ASD [OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.98-1.20)]. For paternal BMI (three studies), no association was found (paternal obesity: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94-1.74; overweight: OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99-1.15; underweight: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.87-1.44). Pooled estimates were robust in sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses. Publication bias may exist for studies assessing maternal BMI and ASD risk, but the filled estimates were not altered. Relative to normal weight, maternal obesity and overweight were significantly associated with increased ASD risk, while maternal underweight was not associated with ASD. Although no association between paternal BMI and ASD was found, current evidence is limited (three studies). Future studies are warranted to address more confounding factors and to identify potential mediators of the association, but pre-pregnancy weight control is suggested.

Prevalence of Depression among Chinese University Students: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major mental health issue worldwide, and university students with heavy burdens of study are at a high risk for depression. While a number of studies have been conducted regarding depression among university students in China, there is a lack of information regarding the national prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to statistically pool the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. METHODS: A systematic search of scientific databases was conducted, including Chinese Web of Knowledge, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang (a Chinese database) and Weipu (a Chinese database) to find relevant publications published between 1995 and December 2015. This was supplemented by a secondary review of the reference lists of all retrieved papers to find additional relevant citations. Studies published in either English or Chinese that provided prevalence estimates of depression in Chinese university students were considered. Prevalence estimates of each eligible study were extracted and pooled in our meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies conducted between 1997 and 2015 including 32,694 university students were analyzed. Our results indicate that the overall prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is 23.8% (95% CI: 19.9%-28.5%). Substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates was noted. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression among medical students is higher than among other students. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the prevalence of depression among Chinese university students is exceedingly high. This suggests that it is imperative that more attention be given to the development of appropriate mental healthcare strategies for university students in China.

Prognostic value of statin for cancer patients: A Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effect of statins on prognosis for patients with cancers.
 METHODS: Literature on PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane library was screened from the establishment of databases to March, 2015 to find relevant studies. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between statin use and all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality.
 RESULTS: A total of 25 studies covered 523 193 patients were identified and included in this Meta-analysis. The pooled effect showed that statin application was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in cancer patients (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.89). A significantly decreased mortality in prostate cancer was revealed in subgroup by cancer sites (HR, 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.83). In addition, sensitivity analysis demonstrated a weakened association between statin application and all-cause mortality after excluding the studies with shorter follow-up duration (HR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.10).
 CONCLUSION: A beneficial effect of statin on all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality is presented in patients with cancer. However, further studies are needed to confirm the long term effect.

Prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: About 1 million people worldwide commit suicide each year, and college students with suicidal ideation are at high risk of suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in college students has been estimated extensively, but quantitative syntheses of overall prevalence are scarce, especially in China. Accurate estimates of prevalence are important for making public policy. In this paper, we aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Databases including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wangfang (Chinese database) and Weipu (Chinese database) were systematically reviewed to identify articles published between 2004 to July 2013, in either English or Chinese, reporting prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students. The strategy also included a secondary search of reference lists of records retrieved from databases. Then the prevalence estimates were summarized using a random effects model. The effects of moderator variables on the prevalence estimates were assessed using a meta-regression model. RESULTS: A total of 41 studies involving 160339 college students were identified, and the prevalence ranged from 1.24% to 26.00%. The overall pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students was 10.72% (95%CI: 8.41% to 13.28%). We noted substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence of suicidal ideation in females is higher than in males. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Chinese college students is relatively high, although the suicide rate is lower compared with the entire society, suggesting the need for local surveys to inform the development of health services for college students.

[Relationship of serum FSH with bone mineral density, and prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese women].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level with bone mineral density (BMD), and the risk rate of osteoporosis in Chinese women. METHODS: Serum FSH concentrations of 699 healthy Chinese women aged 20-82 years were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). BMD was measured by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the postero-anterior spine, lateral spine, total hip, and ultra-distal forearm. RESULTS: The level of serum FSH started to increase from 40 years old, and then decreased after 60. Serum FSH level was negatively related to BMD at various sites. At the postero-anterior spine, lateral spine, total hip, and ultra-distal forearm, 4 quartiles of average prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) divided by FSH were 0.57%, 0.43%, 27.1%, and 30.9%, respectively. Compared with the 1st and the 2nd quartile, OP case rate and ill risk in the women of the 3rd and the 4th quartile increased notably, especially in the spine. CONCLUSION: The level of serum FSH may be related to bone loss and the occurrence of osteoporosis in Chinese women.

[Serum adiponectin, leptin level, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum adipocytokines and leptin level are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Serum adiponectin and leptin level were measured by ELISA in 336 postmenopausal women. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and forearm. Body compositions including lean tissue mass and body fat mass were measured by DXA, and their relationship was analyzed. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin levels were negatively related to BMD at the whole body, the lumbar spine, the hip, and the forearm (r = -0.181, r = -0.208, r = -0.228, r = -0.203, and P < 0.05, respectively). After adjustment for age and fat mass, the correlation with BMD still remained (r = -0.131, r = -0.140, r = -0.159, r = -0.172, and P<0.05, respectively). Serum leptin levels were positively related to BMD was at the hip and the forearm (r = 0.162, r = 0.210, and P < 0.05, respectively). After adjustment for age and fat mass, the correlation with BMD at the forearm remained (r = 0.157, P<0.05), but the correlation with BMD at the hip disappeared. In the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, year since menopause, lean mass, adiponectin, and estradiol were independent predictors of BMD at the body, the hip and the forearm; year since menopause, lean mass, body mass index, adiponectin, and extradiol were independent predictors of BMD at the lumbar spine. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin is the independent predictor of BMD.